Netherlands Joins Italy, Croatia, France, Czech Republic, Greece, and Spain in Overcrowding Crisis Europe’s Battle with Overtourism Has Reached a Tipping Point

Netherlands Joins Italy, Croatia, France, Czech Republic, Greece, and Spain in Overcrowding Crisis: Europe’s Battle with Overtourism Has Reached a Tipping Point. Overtourism, once a distant concern, has now become an urgent crisis for Europe. The Netherlands, along with Italy, Croatia, France, the Czech Republic, Greece, and Spain, is grappling with the overwhelming impact of overcrowding in its most iconic destinations. From Amsterdam’s canals to the rolling hills of the Cotswolds, these countries have long been magnets for global travellers. However, as the number of visitors continues to rise, the strain on local infrastructure and communities is undeniable.

Each of these countries, once celebrated for their charm and cultural richness, is now struggling to manage the sheer volume of tourists flooding into their historic cities and picturesque landscapes. In the Netherlands, once-pristine spots like Amsterdam are now choked with crowds, creating tension between visitors and locals. Meanwhile, in Spain and Italy, the rapid increase in tourists has led to soaring living costs, forcing many locals out of their own cities.

The battle with overtourism is at a critical juncture. The tipping point is here, and urgent action is required to restore balance. If left unchecked, Europe’s most beloved destinations risk losing their authenticity, charm, and cultural identity. Overtourism is not just about overcrowding—it is about preserving the integrity of these incredible locations for future generations. As these countries face this growing crisis, they must now find solutions to curb the impact of mass tourism while continuing to thrive economically. The need for sustainable tourism practices has never been more pressing.

What is Overtourism?

Overtourism refers to the excessive number of tourists visiting a destination, far beyond what the local infrastructure, environment, and community can support. It is more than just overcrowding; it is a systemic issue that disrupts the delicate balance between tourism and the local way of life. When a destination experiences overtourism, the negative consequences are not confined to the tourists alone, but extend to the local population who must live with the consequences of this influx.

Overtourism affects communities in a number of ways. Local infrastructure such as public transport, roads, and public services are overwhelmed. Housing prices rise, as properties are converted into short-term rentals for tourists. The cost of living increases, and local culture and authenticity are eroded as traditional businesses cater to visitors rather than locals. The environment is also strained, with natural resources depleted and waste accumulating. Overtourism threatens not only the sustainability of these destinations but also the quality of life for the residents who call them home.

Main Causes of Overtourism in Europe

Several factors contribute to the growing problem of overtourism in Europe. These include:

1. Affordable Travel & Increased Mobility
   The rise of low-cost airlines, relaxed visa policies, and affordable travel options have made Europe more accessible to a broader range of tourists. This has led to an influx of visitors, many of whom visit Europe’s iconic cities and landmarks, often causing significant pressure on local infrastructure.
2. Popularity of Iconic Destinations
   Cities like Venice, Barcelona, and Paris, with their rich history, culture, and iconic landmarks, attract millions of visitors each year. These destinations, known for their UNESCO World Heritage sites, often bear the brunt of overtourism.
3. Social Media Influence
   Platforms like Instagram have created a surge in “Instagram tourism,” where lesser-known destinations become hotspots after being shared widely on social media. This sudden influx of tourists leads to overcrowding and strain on local resources.
4. Cruise Tourism & Day-Trippers
   Large cruise ships and day-trippers often flood small towns and cities, overwhelming the local infrastructure for a few short hours or days. While these visitors contribute to the local economy, their short stays leave little time for meaningful interaction with the community.
5. Short-Term Rentals
   The proliferation of short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb has led to an increase in the number of tourist accommodations in residential areas. As more properties are converted to tourist rentals, local residents are priced out of the housing market, contributing to a housing crisis in popular destinations.
6. Inadequate Infrastructure
   Many of Europe’s iconic cities were not designed to handle the number of tourists that they attract today. The lack of infrastructure to support mass tourism has led to significant strain on local resources, including transportation, waste management, and public services.

General Impacts of Overtourism on Locals in Europe

Overtourism has far-reaching consequences for local communities across Europe. While tourism brings economic benefits, it often comes at a high cost to residents. Below are the key impacts of overtourism on local populations:

Overcrowding and Loss of Livability

As tourists flock to popular destinations, locals are often left to deal with the congestion. Streets become packed, public transport systems are overwhelmed, and essential services are stretched thin. Everyday tasks, such as commuting, shopping, or even running errands, become much more difficult for locals as they must navigate around the heavy tourist presence.

Rising Housing Costs

One of the most significant impacts of overtourism is the rise in housing costs. As more properties are converted into short-term rentals for tourists, local residents are pushed out of the housing market. In cities like Venice and Barcelona, residents are increasingly finding it difficult to afford rent, leading to the displacement of long-term inhabitants and the gentrification of historic neighborhoods.

Cultural Erosion and Loss of Authenticity

As tourism grows, local culture and identity can be commodified. Businesses catering to tourists often replace traditional local shops, leading to a loss of authenticity in neighborhoods. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in cities like Paris and Prague, where historic districts once dominated by local culture now feature mass-market shops and tourist-centric establishments.

Environmental Degradation

The overuse of natural sites and historical landmarks contributes to environmental degradation. The increase in waste, pollution, and the strain on water resources are some of the challenges facing cities like Dubrovnik and Santorini. Coastal erosion, damage to delicate ecosystems, and waste accumulation are becoming common issues in popular destinations.

Economic Inequality

While tourism generates income, the benefits are not always evenly distributed. Many locals find that the economic rewards of tourism are skewed towards business owners and seasonal workers, while other residents continue to struggle with rising costs of living and a lack of affordable housing.

Eight European Countries/Regions Facing Overtourism and Their Local Impacts

1. Venice, Italy: A “Museum” City Overrun by Tourists

Venice, with its iconic canals and historic architecture, attracts millions of visitors annually. However, with a population of less than 50,000, the city often sees up to 10 million tourists in a year, overwhelming the delicate infrastructure. The historic centre is increasingly populated by tourists rather than locals, and many Venetians have been displaced due to rising rents and the conversion of properties into short-term rentals. Venice has become a “museum” rather than a living city, with residents feeling alienated from their own heritage.

2. Barcelona, Spain: Struggling with Overcrowding and Rising Costs

Barcelona is one of the most visited cities in Europe, attracting tourists with its unique architecture, cultural heritage, and Mediterranean beaches. However, the sheer volume of visitors has led to overcrowded streets and public spaces. The rise in short-term rentals has exacerbated the city’s housing crisis, forcing locals out of the city center. Many Barcelona residents feel that their city has become a theme park, losing its authenticity in the process.

3. Amsterdam, Netherlands: A Historic City Struggling to Retain Its Charm

Amsterdam, known for its canals, museums, and vibrant culture, has seen an explosion in tourism in recent years. The influx of visitors has driven up property prices, making it difficult for locals to find affordable housing. As the city’s neighborhoods become increasingly tourist-driven, many residents feel disconnected from their own community. Overcrowded streets, noise, and the commercialization of once-quiet areas have resulted in a decline in the quality of life for local inhabitants.

4. Dubrovnik, Croatia: A City Overwhelmed by Mass Tourism

Dubrovnik, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is famous for its medieval walls and stunning coastal views. However, the city’s population is dwarfed by tourists, with some estimates suggesting there are 27 tourists for every local resident during peak seasons. The pressure on local services, rising costs, and overcrowding have led many locals to feel that tourism is eroding the city’s identity. The charm of Dubrovnik is fading as it becomes more of a tourist destination than a thriving local community.

5. Santorini, Greece: Struggling with Seasonal Overcrowding

Santorini, one of Greece’s most famous islands, is renowned for its picturesque landscapes, luxury resorts, and crystal-clear waters. However, the seasonal nature of tourism has led to overcrowding, particularly during the summer months. Local resources, such as water and waste disposal systems, are strained, and the island’s dependence on tourism has led to the erosion of traditional livelihoods. Many residents feel the loss of their cultural identity as Santorini becomes increasingly commercialized to cater to tourists.

6. Prague, Czech Republic: A City Overrun by Tourists

Prague’s historic Old Town attracts millions of tourists each year, leading to overcrowding in the city’s most famous areas. As traditional shops and local businesses are replaced by tourist-oriented establishments, the cultural fabric of the city begins to fray. Locals find it increasingly difficult to navigate the crowded streets and enjoy their own city. The rise in property prices and cost of living have made it harder for residents to remain in the city.

7. Paris, France: The City of Light Facing Overcrowding and Rising Rents

Paris, one of the world’s most visited cities, is known for its iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, and Montmartre. However, the sheer volume of tourists visiting these sites has made life difficult for locals. The increase in rental prices, particularly in the city center, has displaced many residents. Locals complain about crowded streets, noise, and the commercialization of once-vibrant neighborhoods, leading to a growing sense of alienation.

8. Bourton-on-the-Water, UK: A Charming Village Losing Its Identity

Bourton-on-the-Water, a picturesque village in the Cotswolds, has become a popular destination for weekend tourists. The influx of day-trippers and weekend visitors has caused significant traffic congestion and parking issues, disrupting the peaceful village life that locals once enjoyed. The rise in tourism has led to the commodification of the village’s charm, with more businesses catering to tourists than to local needs.

The Broader Impact of Overtourism on Local Communities

Overtourism is not just an inconvenience for locals — it is a deep-seated issue that affects every facet of community life. From overcrowded streets to the rising cost of living, overtourism has created a strain on local residents in some of Europe’s most iconic destinations. While tourism brings economic benefits, the lack of sustainable practices and the overwhelming presence of tourists often outweighs the positive impact.

Social Disruption: As cities and towns become overwhelmed by tourists, the very essence of local life is disrupted. Daily tasks become more difficult, and residents feel increasingly disconnected from their own neighborhoods. The once-quiet, authentic character of these places is replaced by a transient, tourist-driven atmosphere.

Economic Disparity: Though tourism generates revenue, the benefits are often not shared equally. While some business owners profit from the influx of tourists, many locals feel left out, especially in cities where the cost of living has skyrocketed. Seasonal, low-wage jobs that depend on tourism offer little long-term security for residents.

Environmental Strain: The environmental damage caused by overtourism is undeniable. From polluted streets to over-exploited natural resources, the effects of mass tourism are taking a toll on Europe’s most cherished destinations. Local ecosystems, from coastal areas to heritage sites, are being degraded by excessive foot traffic, waste, and pollution.

Cultural Erosion: As tourism continues to grow, local cultures and traditions are often replaced by generic tourist attractions. What was once a unique way of life becomes a commodity, repackaged for mass consumption. This cultural dilution not only affects the local community but also undermines the authenticity of the travel experience for tourists.

Comparative Analysis of Overtourism: 2023-2025

The table below presents a comparative analysis of the number of tourists visiting eight popular European destinations over the years 2023, 2024, and 2025 (up to November). The figures reflect the growing pressure on these destinations, as overtourism continues to impact local communities and infrastructure.

In conclusion, overtourism in Europe continues to present significant challenges for both travelers and local communities. As seen across major tourist destinations, such as Venice, Barcelona, and Amsterdam, the overwhelming influx of visitors over recent years has strained infrastructure, disrupted local life, and caused environmental degradation. The problem of overtourism, if left unmanaged, risks not only the charm of these iconic locations but also the quality of life for residents.

Managing overtourism requires a shift towards sustainable travel practices. Efforts to regulate tourist numbers, particularly in high-demand destinations, must be prioritized. This can include strategies like limiting visitor numbers, introducing tourist taxes, and promoting off-season or off-the-beaten-path destinations. By dispersing tourism and encouraging responsible travel, we can reduce the pressure on popular cities while still supporting the local economy.

Importantly, the tourism industry must collaborate with local governments, residents, and tourists themselves to implement solutions that benefit all parties. Sustainable tourism, which respects local culture, protects the environment, and promotes long-term viability, must become the new standard. Only by balancing the economic benefits of tourism with the needs and well-being of local communities can we ensure the preservation of Europe’s cultural and natural heritage.

Ultimately, overtourism is not just an issue for tourists to address but a challenge for every stakeholder in the travel industry. It is time for both visitors and destinations to adopt more mindful and respectful approaches to tourism, ensuring that the future of Europe’s beloved cities and landscapes remains bright, sustainable, and welcoming for generations to come.